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Linker

The ideal linker remains stable in the circulatory system and releases the toxin in the tumor. In the design of XDC drugs, a balance between XDC stability and payload release efficiency is achieved by adjusting important linker parameters such as coupling chemistry, linker length, and steric resistance to achieve the desired therapeutic effect of XDC drugs.

Alkyne PEG

Aminooxy PEG

BCN-PEG

Biotin PEG

Bis-PEG-NHS

Branched PEG

Cleavable Linkers

Diketone Linkers

DOTA PEG

Fmoc PEG

Lipid PEG

MeNH-PEG

Non-PEG linker

PEG Aldehyde

PEG NHS ester

PEG Phosphonate

PEG Sulfonic acid

PEG-X-PEG

Poly PEG

PROTAC Linkers

TCO-PEG

Fluorescent Reagents

Ligand-Linker Conjugates

Amino PEG

ADC Linkers

Benzyl-PEG

Bis-PEG-acid

Boc-PEG

Bromo PEG

DBCO PEG

DNP-PEG

DSPE PEG

Hydroxy PEG

Maleimide Linkers

m-PEG

PEG Acid

PEG Azide

PEG PFP ester

PEG Silane

PEG Tosylate

Peptide Linkers

Propargyl PEG

Sugar PEG

Tetrazine-PEG

Thiol PEG

Biochemicals

Biological materials or organic compounds related to life science research, and reagents used in clinical diagnosis and medical research.

Lipid

Detergents

Vitamins and Related Compounds

Enzyme Substrates

Denaturation

Fluorescent Probes,Fluorescent Labels,Fluorescent Stains

Enzyme Inhibitors

Medium Composition

Protein modifier

Nucleic acid detection and hybridization

Antioxidant or Protective Agents

Other Biochemicals

Nucleosides and Nucleotides

Biological Buffers

Agarose

Natural Products

Chelating Agent

Reductant

Luminescent Compounds/Detection

Cell Culture

Molecular biology reagents

Electrophoresis reagent

carbohydrate

Protein Analysis

Bioconjugation

Medical Supplements

Nucleosides & Nucleotides

Nucleosides are the basic molecules for nucleic acid synthesis. They can participate in nucleic acid synthesis, energy transfer and signal transduction in cells only after combining with phosphate to form nucleotides. Nucleotides are not only the basic units of RNA and DNA, but also play a vital role in energy transfer (such as ATP), cell signal transduction (such as cAMP, GTP) and enzyme catalysis reactions. Nucleosides and nucleotides play an important role in the basic metabolism, information transmission and regulation of life activities of cells, and are indispensable molecules in biology.

Nucleosides, Deoxyribonucleosides and Other Nucleosides

5'-Protected Nucleosides

Other Protective Nucleosides

2'-O-MOE-modified Nucleoside

7-deaza-modified Nucleoside

Halogen-modified Nucleosides

TFA-modified nucleosides

DNA Phosphoramidite Monomer

2'-O-Me-phosphoramidite Monomer

2'-O-MOE-phosphoramidite monomer

5-modified Nucleoside-phosphoramidite Monomer

Ribonucleotide

Modified Nucleotides

Other Protective and Modifying Phosphoramidite Monomers

Base-protected Nucleosides

3'-Protective Nucleosides

2'-O-Me-modified Nucleosides

2'-F-modified Nucleoside

3-deaza-modified Nucleoside

Amino-modified Nucleosides

Other Modified Nucleosides

RNA Phosphoramidite Monomer

2'-F-phosphoramidite monomer

3'-Modified Nucleoside-phosphoramidite Monomer

Other Phosphoramidite Monomers

Deoxyribonucleotides

Other Nucleotides

Amino Acids and their Derivatives

Amino acids are compounds that contain both amino and carboxyl groups in their molecules. Amino acid molecules contain two functional groups, amino and carboxyl groups, and side chains unique to each amino acid. They can be divided into α-,β-,γ-Amino acids are essential substances for the human body and the material basis of life. Amino acid derivatives are substances formed by a series of reactions of amino acids, such as the synthesis of amino acid derivatives by the joint deamination of amino acids, that is, the predecessor of amino acid Derivatives are amino acids. Many substances in the human body, such as adrenaline and thyroid hormones, are amino acid derivatives.

Cysteine and derivatives

Alanine and derivatives

Glutamic acid and derivatives

Methionine and derivatives

Lysine and derivatives

Leucine and derivatives

Tryptophan and derivatives

Threonine and derivatives

Asparagine and derivatives

Isoleucine and derivatives

C-protected amino acid

Non-protein amino acids

Phenylalanine and derivatives

Glycine and derivatives

Glutamine and derivatives

Arginine and derivatives

Tyrosine and derivatives

Proline and derivatives

Serine and derivatives

Aspartic acid and derivatives

Valine and derivatives

Histidine and derivatives

N-protected amino acid

Other amino acid derivatives

LNP

LNP, the full name of Lipid Nanoparticle, is a lipid vesicle with a uniform lipid core, and its diameter is usually around 100 nm. This unique structure and size give it unique physical and chemical properties, which can effectively encapsulate and protect nucleic acid drugs, such as mRNA, siRNA, antisense oligonucleotides, etc., and transport them to target tissues or cells through the blood circulation system. Classic LNP is mainly composed of ionizable cationic lipids, PEGylated lipids, cholesterol and neutral auxiliary lipids.

Phospholipid

PEG Lipid

Helper Lipid

Oleic

Branched Lipid

Ionizable Lipid

Cholesterol

Sphingolipids

Stearic

Other Lipid

ADC Related Compound

ADC drugs are targeted drugs formed by coupling monoclonal antibodies with small molecule toxin drugs through linkers. ADC consists of three parts: antibodies, small molecule toxins and linkers. Each component needs to have corresponding characteristics. The antibody needs to have high specificity and low immunogenicity; the linker needs to be stable in the circulatory system and can effectively release cytotoxins in the tumor environment, and the small molecule toxin needs to be stable under physiological conditions and have strong lethality to tumor cells; the ideal ADC drug needs to remain stable in the blood circulation, accurately reach the treatment target, and ultimately release cytotoxicity near the target.

Payload

Cleavable Linker

Acid Cleavable Linker

Peptide/Protease Linker

ADC Linker

Non-cleavable linker

Disulfide Linker

Linker-Payload Conjugates

Click Chemistry Reagents

Click Chemistry is a type of reaction proposed by K. Barry Sharpless, a Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry and a researcher at the Institute of Chemical Biology at the Skaggs Institute. This type of reaction is generally high-yielding, has a wide range of applications, produces a single byproduct that does not need to be separated by a chromatographic column, has stereoselectivity, is easy to operate, and the reaction solvent is easy to remove. This concept is also applicable to other fields, such as medicine and materials, and can synthesize a large number of compound libraries for research in other fields. There are many types of reactions that produce only one product by thermodynamics that meet the conditions of click chemistry, such as the nucleophilic ring-opening reaction of ethylene oxide and azocyclopropane, the reaction of non-aldehyde carbonyl compounds (preparation of hydrazones or heterocyclic compounds), and the reaction of CC double bonds and triple bonds (such as oxidation to prepare epoxides, and Michael addition and cycloaddition reactions, etc.).

Alkyne

BCN

DBCO

Tetrazine

Azide

Click Reaction Ligands

TCO

PROTAC

PROTAC is a heterologous bifunctional molecule, which consists of two ligand domains, which are coupled by linkers of different lengths. One ligand (Binder, target protein-specific ligand) can bind to the target protein (POI, Protein of interest), while the other ligand (Warhead, E3 ligaserecruiter) binds to the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. PROTAC can bring the target protein and the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex closer. As long as the protein conformation is appropriate and the lysine of the target protein can be exposed to the area touched by E3, POI can be ubiquitinated. The ubiquitinated target protein is then degraded by the 26S proteasome system, and the PROTAC molecule can be recycled and continue to function in the next protein degradation cycle.

PROTAC Linker

Ligand-Linker Conjugate

Ligands for E3 Ligase

Carbohydrates

Sugar, also known as carbohydrates, is a general term for polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones and their condensation products and certain derivatives. It is generally composed of three elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. It is mainly divided into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, etc. Sugar chemistry not only occupies an important position in basic research, but also has a wide range of applications in drug development, food science, materials science and biotechnology.

Steroids

Steroids are a type of natural product with a very special structure. They have a four-ring (A, B, C, D) mother nucleus. This mother nucleus looks like the Chinese character "田", and has a corner methyl group at C10 and C13, and a side chain at C17. The side chain on the mother nucleus looks like the Chinese character "巛" (pronounced chuan). The Chinese character "氮" (sterol) vividly represents this type of compound. This skeleton is also called a steroid nucleus. Steroid compounds are one of the most widely occurring components in natural products. Almost all organisms can synthesize steroid compounds by themselves. Steroid compounds have not only made special contributions to human health as drugs, but also the particularity of their stereostructures has also played an extremely important role in the history of organic chemistry, especially in organic chemistry theory, such as perfecting the theory of stereochemistry.

Peptide

polypeptide is a compound composed of two or more amino acids connected by peptide bonds. A polypeptide is composed of multiple amino acids connected by peptide bonds, usually composed of 10 to 100 amino acid molecules, with a relative molecular mass of about 500 to 10,000 Daltons, and a molecular weight between small molecule drugs and large molecule protein drugs. It is a special "protein". Due to its small molecular weight, polypeptides can be directly absorbed by the human body. Polypeptides are widely present in organisms, and tens of thousands of species have been discovered. They play a key role in regulating and controlling the functions of various systems, organs, tissues and cells in organisms, and are essential to life processes.

Crosslinking Agent

Cross-linkers are molecules with two or more reactive ends that can be chemically linked to specific functional groups (primary amines, sulfhydryls, etc.) on proteins or other molecules. This technique, often referred to as bioconjugation when used with proteins and other biomolecules, is an important component of many proteomics methods, including the creation of detectable probes for western blotting and ELISA, as well as strategies to study protein structure and interactions.

Molecular Glues

Molecular glues are a class of low molecular weight compounds that can enhance the interaction between two proteins. In the process of promoting the interaction between proteins and E3 ligases, triggering the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins, these compounds are called molecular glue degraders (MGDs). Currently, there are two main categories of mature molecular glues: one is immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), which can bind to E3 CRBN, recruit transcription factors containing zinc finger (ZF) domain factors for ubiquitination and degradation by proteasomes, while IMiDs themselves have no measurable binding affinity for degrading transcription factors. The three major molecular glue drugs currently on the market, thalidomide, lenalidomide and pomalidomide, all belong to this category and are used to treat multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome, etc. The other category is aromatic sulfonamides, such as indisulam and tasisulam, which can bind to E3 DCAF15 and recruit splicing factor RNA binding motif protein 39 (RBM39) for ubiquitination and degradation.