Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a family of enzymes that play a key role in DNA repair by adding ADP-ribose units to proteins, a process essential for the repair of DNA damage. PARP1 and PARP2 are the most well-known members, involved in repairing single-strand breaks and maintaining genomic stability. Because of their role in DNA repair, PARPs have become attractive targets in cancer therapy, particularly in tumors with defects in other DNA repair mechanisms, such as BRCA1/2-mutated cancers. Inhibiting PARP can lead to synthetic lethality, selectively targeting cancer cells with impaired DNA repair.