Flame retardants are chemical additives used to improve the flame resistance of polymers and slow the spread of fire once ignited. They are essential in the production of a variety of materials, including plastics, textiles, and electronics, to improve safety and reduce the risk of fire-related hazards. Flame retardants work through various mechanisms, such as absorbing heat, releasing water or other non-flammable gases, or forming a protective char layer that insulates the polymer from the heat of the fire. Common types of flame retardants include halogenated compounds, phosphorus-based additives, and inorganic fillers such as alumina trihydrate and magnesium hydroxide. The use of flame retardants in polymers is regulated by various safety standards and regulations to ensure that they meet specific performance criteria without compromising other properties of the material.