Antimony catalysts have a wide range of applications in organic synthesis. For example, antimony triformate can be used as an oxidant and acid catalyst for the synthesis of organic compounds. Antimony compounds can also catalyze the oxidation of alcohols and ketones, as well as some carbon-carbon bond formation reactions, such as nucleophilic substitution reactions. In addition, antimony catalysts also play an important role in some electrochemical reactions. For example, antimony compounds can be used as antimony hydroxide as a cathode catalyst in lithium-ion batteries. In addition, antimony catalysts can also be used in reactions such as electrochemical water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction.