Bipyridine ligands and terpyridine ligands play an important role in metal-catalyzed reactions. Bipyridine ligands play an important role in a variety of reactions due to their excellent electron donation ability and steric effect; while terpyridine ligands are often used in more complex catalytic systems due to their stronger coordination ability and stability. Both can enhance the performance of catalysts and promote catalytic reactions by adjusting the electronic structure of metal centers, and are widely used in organic synthesis, material chemistry, energy conversion and other fields.