Pyrazole ligands are mainly used in catalysis, drug development and materials science, especially in metal catalytic reactions and metal organic framework materials. Imidazole ligands play an important role in biocatalysis, metal enzyme simulation, drug design and materials, especially in catalysis and drug development. Triazole ligands have unique applications in metal catalysis, drug development, materials science, etc., especially in catalytic reactions and the construction of MOF materials. These ligands have important application value in modern organic synthesis, catalyst design and biomedicine due to their unique coordination ability and chemical properties.